Cross-Domain Receipt Graph Architecture
A directed acyclic graph (DAG) linking cryptographic receipts across transactions, content, and operations. ES256 signatures, SHA-256 hashing, blockchain anchoring, and deterministic verification.
How Receipt Linking Works
1. Receipt Creation
Every event (transaction, content upload, operation) generates a cryptographic receipt:
{
"id": "rcpt_abc123",
"type": "transaction",
"hash": "sha256:f7a8b...",
"signature": "ES256:9k2l...",
"timestamp": "2025-10-04T12:00:00Z",
"data": {
"amount": 199.00,
"merchant": "shop.example"
},
"parentIds": [],
"depth": 0
}2. Graph Linking
Receipts reference parent receipts via parentIds, creating a tamper-evident chain:
{
"id": "rcpt_xyz789",
"type": "shipment",
"hash": "sha256:a3c9d...",
"signature": "ES256:7h4m...",
"parentIds": ["rcpt_abc123"],
"depth": 1,
"relationType": "fulfillment"
}Example: E-Commerce Flow
Cryptographic Specifications
ES256 Signatures
ECDSA with P-256 curve and SHA-256. Industry standard used by JWT, WebAuthn, and Apple.
SHA-256 Hashing
Content-addressable receipts. Hash includes all receipt data + parent hashes for Merkle tree properties.
Blockchain Anchoring
Merkle root of receipt batches anchored to Ethereum mainnet every 24 hours for timestamping.
Offline Verification Example
import { createHash } from 'crypto';
import { verify } from 'jsonwebtoken';
// Verify receipt signature (offline, no API call)
function verifyReceipt(receipt: Receipt, publicKey: string): boolean {
// 1. Recompute hash
const computedHash = createHash('sha256')
.update(JSON.stringify({
id: receipt.id,
type: receipt.type,
data: receipt.data,
parentIds: receipt.parentIds,
timestamp: receipt.timestamp
}))
.digest('hex');
// 2. Verify hash matches
if (computedHash !== receipt.hash) {
return false;
}
// 3. Verify ES256 signature
try {
verify(receipt.signature, publicKey, {
algorithms: ['ES256']
});
return true;
} catch {
return false;
}
}
// Verify entire graph chain
function verifyReceiptChain(receipts: Receipt[]): boolean {
const receiptMap = new Map(receipts.map(r => [r.id, r]));
for (const receipt of receipts) {
// Verify this receipt
if (!verifyReceipt(receipt, PUBLIC_KEY)) {
return false;
}
// Verify parent links
for (const parentId of receipt.parentIds) {
const parent = receiptMap.get(parentId);
if (!parent || parent.depth >= receipt.depth) {
return false; // Invalid DAG structure
}
}
}
return true;
}Interactive Receipt Graph Explorer
Explore how receipts link across different domains and industries
Cross-Domain Receipt Graph
Link transactions, content, and operations into one verifiable chain.
Client pays $15,000 for coaching program
Transaction processed, receipt generated
Cross-Domain Receipt Graph (DAG)
Click "Next" to start building the Receipt Graph
Watch the DAG structure emerge with branching and merging
Technical Comparison
How CertNode Compares
The only platform that handles transactions, content, AND operations in one cryptographic graph.
| Feature | CertNode Full Platform | Stripe Radar Payment Fraud | C2PA Content Auth | DataDog Audit Logs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platform Coverage | ||||
| Transaction Verification | ||||
| Content Authenticity | ||||
| Operational Compliance | ||||
| Unified Cross-Domain Platform | ||||
| Cryptographic Security | ||||
| Tamper-Evident Receipts | ||||
| Blockchain Anchoring | ||||
| Public Verifiability | ||||
| Cross-Domain Cryptographic Links | ||||
| Fraud Detection | ||||
| Real-Time Transaction Monitoring | ||||
| Cross-Merchant Pattern Detection | ||||
| Network Fraud Defense | ||||
| AI Content Detection | ||||
| Compliance & Audit | ||||
| PCI/SOX/GDPR Mapping | ||||
| Audit Trail Generation | ||||
| Compliance Report Export | ||||
| Court-Admissible Evidence | ||||
One Platform vs. Three Separate Tools
❌ Traditional Approach
- • Stripe Radar: $0.05 per transaction
- • C2PA integration: Custom development
- • DataDog logs: $15/host/month
- • Manual cross-referencing between systems
- • Siloed data, no unified verification
Estimated cost: $500-2,000/month
✅ CertNode Platform
- • Transaction + Content + Operations verification
- • Cryptographically linked across all domains
- • Automatic compliance reporting
- • Network fraud defense included
- • One unified API, one dashboard
Starting at $49/month
The CertNode Advantage: Save time, reduce costs, and get stronger security with unified cross-domain verification
Comparison based on publicly available information as of November 2025. Contact us for detailed competitive analysis specific to your use case.
Why DAG Instead of Linear Blockchain?
✓ DAG Advantages
- •Parallel receipts: Multiple branches can evolve simultaneously (e.g., order + payment + shipment)
- •Cross-domain linking: Receipt from one merchant can reference another merchant's receipts
- •No global ordering: Don't need consensus on sequence, only parentage
- •Efficient verification: Verify sub-graph without loading entire chain
✗ Linear Chain Limitations
- •Sequential only: Can't represent parallel events
- •Single domain: Hard to link across merchants/systems
- •Global state: Requires consensus mechanism
- •Verification overhead: Must process entire chain
Integration Options
REST API
Simple HTTP endpoints for receipt creation, verification, and graph traversal.
View API Docs →Webhooks
Real-time notifications when receipts are created, linked, or verified.
SDKs
Native libraries for Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and PHP.
Ready to Build?
Start creating cryptographic receipts and building tamper-proof audit trails.